Osmoregulatory betaine uptake by rat renal medullary slices.

Uptake of opioid drugs by rat cerebrocortical brain slices.

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The uptake of vitamin B12 by rat-liver slices.

Metabolic, Osmoregulatory and Nutritional Functions of Betaine in Monogastric Animals

This review focuses on the metabolic and osmoregulatory functions of betaine and its impact on nutrient digestibility and performance in pigs and poultry. Betaine is the trimethyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, and is present in plant and animal tissue. It has been shown to play an important role in osmoregulation of plants, bacteria and marine organisms. Due to its chemical structure, b...

Characterization and purification of a mammalian osmoregulatory protein, aldose reductase, induced in renal medullary cells by high extracellular NaCl.

GRB-PAP1 is a continuous line of epithelial cells derived from a rabbit renal inner medulla. Elevation of the NaCl concentration in the medium bathing these cells strongly induced the expression of a soluble protein with an apparent molecular mass of 39 kDa. The protein, purified by affinity chromatography with Amicon Matrex Gel Orange A, had enzyme activity characteristic of aldose reductase (...

Uptake of calcium by glycerinated cardiac slices.

Partially glycerinated cardiac slices have been used to assess the effects of ryanodine and of mitochondrial and other inhibitors on calcium transport in systems that appear to retain a high degree of functional integrity. Strips of rabbit ventricle were extracted in 50% (w/v) glycerol for 24 hr at 4°C and slices 100 /x, thick were cut on the freezing microtome. Such slices can bind 30 to 40 ^u...